Maud: The Life of L.M. Montgomery, the creator of the world of Anne of Green Gables

Maud: The Life of L.M. Montgomery, the creator of the world of Anne of Green Gables is a biography by Harry Bruce that was published by Bantam Books in September 1992. Drawing from The Selected Journals of L.M. Montgomery, Volumes I and II, as well as L.M. Montgomery's autobiography, letters, and other biographical sources, Maud tells the story of L.M. Montgomery's early life. The book chronicles life in Cavendish, Prince Edward Island and Maud's schooldays, home life, romances, and early jobs. Bruce describes young Maud's imagination and aspirations to be a writer, and her success in publishing Anne of Green Gables.

Here is the book's description from its inner cover:

Born November 30, 1874, L.M. Montgomery spent her childhood in a rural farmhouse, like her beloved character Anne of Green Gables. Raised by strict, elderly guardians, she had an early life full of loneliness and struggle; however, Maud had a secret dream: to become a writer.

In fascinating, authentic detail, this biography follows life on turn-of-the-century Prince Edward Island, the setting for nearly all of Maud’s stories. Readers discover the island's haunting beauty and its idiosyncrasies: the Automobile Abolition Society that kept it free of cars; its tiny capital, Charlottetown, where streetlamps went unlit during full moons; and its Scottish inhabitants who feared God, revered hard work, and loved learning.

The town of Cavendish, so much like the Avonlea of the Anne books, is where Maud began writing, at the age of nine. In Cavendish she grew into a vibrant young woman who was so attractive to men that she was pursued and proposed to frequently. Yet Maud Montgomery never wed the one man she truly desired; when she finally did marry, at the age of thirty-five, it was to someone she respected but did not love.

Maud explores the passionate nature and irrepressible imagination of Maud Montgomery that she tried to conceal from those she lived with. Whether teaching in a one-room schoolhouse, becoming one of the first Canadian women journalists, or, finally, trapped in her hometown taking care of her aging grandmother and running the local post office, she was not only the responsible individual who accepted her fate but also a woman of stormy moods and unshakable ambition.

Drawn extensively from L.M. Montgomery’s own journals, this colorful biography vividly portrays a woman ahead of her time, a remarkable author who gave the world a unique character named Anne of Green Gables.


Harry Bruce has written numerous books for which he has received national acclaim in Canada. His most recent book is Down Home.

Reviews

"With a tender and sympathetic eye, Bruce reveals the quiet heroism of the author of Anne of Green Gables and the other Avonlea books. Like her famous heroine, Montgomery (1874-1942) was without parents--her mother died before Montgomery's second birthday, and when she was seven, her father left her in the care of her grandparents. Also like Anne, Montgomery was independent: despite disapproval from her family and the restrictive mores of Victorian-era Canada, she steeled herself at an early age to become a successful writer (she began making daily journal entries when she was nine) and attended college. But Bruce also shows another side of the "revolutionary" woman as someone who had a strong sense of duty to family and friends, and who spent most of her early adult years caring for a stubborn, reclusive grandmother. Bruce's writing is easy and engaging, but his emphasis on the romantic angles of Montgomery's life is a bit tiresome. Overall, though, a well-crafted and solid biography. Ages 12-up."
— Publishers Weekly

"Grade 6-9-- Lucy Maud Montgomery had a bleak childhood growing up in a household where she was little more than tolerated by her two elderly grandparents. The story follows the ups and downs of her life, including her struggles to make a career of writing while fulfilling family obligations. This well-written account covers much of the unpleasantness in her life, along with interesting commentary about the young men attracted to her and, of course, her pursuit of a literary career. Young readers are likely to find such revelations dull, but junior high students may be interested. Eight pages of captioned black-and-white photographs are included."
— Phyllis G. Sidorsky, National Cathedral School, Washington, DC, School Library Journal

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Created November 15, 1999. Last updated August 31, 2024.
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Aunt Maud's Recipe Book: From the Kitchen of L.M. Montgomery

Aunt Maud's Recipe Book: From the Kitchen of L.M. Montgomery is a recipe book by L.M. Montgomery, Elaine Crawford, and Kelly Crawford that was published in 1997. The book features a selection of L.M. Montgomery's original recipes from a handwritten ledger that was passed down through her family to her relatives Elaine and Kelly Crawford. Each chapter presents a menu featuring Montgomery's favorite recipes, providing a personal view of the author and the foods she and her family enjoyed. Elaine and Kelly Crawford tested all of the recipes and present Montgomery's original recipe with side notes and annotations to help readers cook them successfully today. Throughout the book, Elaine and Kelly Crawford intersperse biographical information about their aunt, quotes from L.M. Montgomery, as well as personal photographs and family stories.

Here is the book's description from Moulin Publishing:

Famous for her Anne of Green Gables and Emily stories, author Lucy Maud Montgomery is less well known for her love of cooking and her talent in the kitchen. Her original handwritten ledger, treasured in the family for generations, was passed down to Elaine Crawford and her daughter Kelly. Aunt Maud's Recipe Book is a collection of foods that Montgomery served to her family and friends. Elaine and Kelly have selected a wonderful range of family favorites from the original recipe ledger. Included are menus such as "Afternoon Tea at the Manse," "Growing up at Green Gables," and "Down Home Favourites." From hearty dishes such as Pork Mock Duck, Third Try Beef and Roast Goose, to Marion's Orange Cake, Mrs. MacPherson's Ginger Snaps, and L.M. Montgomery's son Stuart favorite, Mock Cherry Pie. Recipes are interlaced with family anecdotes, photographs, and remembrances of Maud throughout her Norval years. Aunt Maud's Recipe Book is a historical journey celebrating Canadian cuisine in the early part of the 20th century.

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The Annotated Anne of Green Gables

The Annotated Anne of Green Gables by L.M. Montgomery and edited by Wendy E. Barry, Margaret Anne Doody, and Mary E. Doody Jones was published by the Oxford University Press in August 1997. This book was the first fully annotated edition of the novel, and it features explanatory notes throughout the text. The volume includes a chronology of L.M. Montgomery's life, a description of the book's publication, and details on the autobiographical connections between L.M. Montgomery and Anne Shirley. In the appendices, the editors reveal the novel's wide-ranging literary and cultural allusions as well as information on the geography and history of Prince Edward Island. In addition, there are in-depth details on the time period in which the novel was set, so modern readers can gain insight to Anne's world.


Here is the description of the volume from the Oxford University Press:

Since its publication in 1908, Anne of Green Gables has been a continuous international best-seller, enjoying successful television adaptations on PBS and The Disney Channel, and captivating children and adults alike with the irresistible charms of its remarkable heroine, Anne Shirley. This wildly imaginative, red-headed chatterbox tries to fit into the narrow confines of Victorian expectations, but her exuberant spirit keeps leaping delightfully beyond the bounds. Indeed, when Maud Montgomery decided to reject the sermonizing formulas of the children's books of her day, she brought to life a character much closer to Jane Eyre, David Copperfield, and Tom Sawyer--also orphans, like Anne--than to the self-sacrificing, conformist heroines then in demand. In doing so, Montgomery subtly questioned the values of her society--the stifling restraints of its religion and most especially its treatment of women--while giving readers all the pleasures of her considerable story-telling gifts.

Now, in this first fully annotated edition of Anne of Green Gables, readers will appreciate more clearly than ever before the scope and depth of this extraordinary novel. Editors Margaret Anne Doody, Mary Doody Jones, and Wendy Barry provide a richly illustrated, completely revised text, along with hundreds of notes describing the real-life characters and settings Anne encounters, the autobiographical connections between Anne and Maud Montgomery, and the book's astonishing range of literary, biblical, and mythological references. Additional essays offer fascinating background information on such topics as the geography and settlement of Prince Edward Island (where Anne takes place); the education, orphanages, music, and literature of Anne's time; and the horticulture, homemade artifacts, and food preparation that are so prevalent in the story. Margaret Anne Doody supplies a comprehensive introduction, which situates the novel in its literary and social contexts, explores those aspects of Montgomery's life most relevant to the story, examines revisions in the manuscripts, and provides an overall sense of both the impulses that drove Montgomery to write Anne of Green Gables and the larger concerns it dramatizes so compellingly. This edition also contains a chronology of Montgomery's life, an extensive bibliography, songs and poems that appear in the text, and a selection of original reviews of the book. This wealth of material enables readers to grasp the marvelous multi-layeredness of the novel and to understand more fully its place in both its own time and in ours.

Elegantly and beautifully designed, with generous illustrations from previous editions, photographs of the places the novel inhabits, and explanatory drawings that reproduce the texture of Anne's world, The Annotated Anne of Green Gables is a major event in the publishing history of one of the world's most charming stories.

Reviews (see additional reviews)

"Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables has reached the status of both children's literary classic and cult phenomenon.... For those unable to visit her home, three serious scholars have annotated the beloved work.... Many period photographs add to the coverage, and the research appears to be so thorough that it seems unlikely that a revised edition of this work will ever be necessary. Those who worship at the feet of the divine Anne Shirley may find that this volume will satisfy all their desires for adulation and information."
-The Horn Book Inc

"There's plenty here for scholars and fans; this edition should not be relegated to the reference shelves."
-Kirkus Reviews

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Created October 15, 1999. Last updated August 20, 2024.
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The Blue Castle

L.M. Montgomery wrote The Blue Castle in 1926. It is her only novel fully set outside of her beloved Prince Edward Island and was her first attempt at an adult novel. Set in Muskoka, Ontario, The Blue Castle describes the life of twenty-nine year old Valancy Stirling. Valancy escapes her drab and sorrowful world with imaginary escapes to her Blue Castle in Spain where she is beautiful, charming, admired, and loved—everything her true life lacks.

When diagnosed with a heart ailment, Valancy's complaisance is shattered and she rebels, wanting to "live" for a short time before she dies. She finally breaks from her shell, saying and doing exactly as she pleases. L.M. Montgomery's story of Valancy's revolt against the Stirling clan, her new life, and growing love for the swarthy, unacceptable Barney Snaith is a modern fairy tale.

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Created October 5, 1999. Last updated March 31, 2021.
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L.M. Montgomery and Canadian Culture

L.M. Montgomery and Canadian Culture was edited by Irene Gammel and Elizabeth Rollins Epperly and was published by the University of Toronto Press in June 1999. This volume contains a collection of essays and reflections on L.M. Montgomery's influence on Canadian culture and identity and her place in Canadian literary history. Among other subjects, the articles examine Montgomery's impact on cultural tourism, her role in presenting Canadian culture to a global audience, and her depictions of Canadian womanhood.


Here is the description of the volume from the University of Toronto Press:

Despite the enormous popularity of her books, particularly Anne of Green Gables, L.M. Montgomery's role in the development of Canada's national culture is not often discussed by literary historians. This is curious as some of Canada's leading writers, including Margaret Atwood, Alice Munro, and Jane Urquhart, have acknowledged their indebtedness to Montgomery's fiction.

That scholars have not mined the 'Canadianness' of Montgomery's writing is redressed by this collection. It is the first systematic effort to investigate and explore Montgomery's active engagement with Canadian nationalism and identity, including regionalism, canon formation, and Canadian-American cultural relations. It examines her work in relation to the many dramatic changes of her day, such as the women's movement and the advent of new technologies; and it looks at the national and international consumption of Anne of Green Gables, in the form of both 'high' culture and cultural tourism.

The wide range of contributors represent views from across disciplines and boundaries, including feminist, biographical, psychoanalytical, historical, and cultural approaches. The scholarly reflections are punctuated to great effect by creative pieces, personal reflections, and interviews.

This ground-breaking collection will appeal to all fans of Montgomery's work and to students of Canadian letters. It places Montgomery and her work squarely in the mainstream of Canadian literary history, affirming her importance to our country's cultural development.

Reviews (see additional reviews)

In setting out to prove that a popular writer like Montgomery should be taken seriously as a focal point of Canadian literary history, Gammel and Epperly are singularly successful. The essays are intriguing, informative, and clearly structured, as interesting to the layman as to the scholar.
— Nancy Schiefer, London Free Press, October 23, 1999

Whether she is interpreted as subversive or conservative, this collection leaves no doubt that Montgomery does indeed have a significant place in Canadian culture – whether high, low, or ‘pop' .... It seems fitting, too, that the compilation of literary criticism, personal ‘reflection pieces' and journalism should make a readable collection, likely to be as enjoyable for Montgomery's educated popular audience as it is for her scholarly critics.
— Deirdre Baker, Humanities, 1999

The book includes the following content and essays:

Introduction

L.M. Montgomery and the Shaping of Canadian Culture by Irene Gammel and Elizabeth Epperly

Part 1. Montgomery and Canada: Romancing the Region, Constructing the Nation

Montgomery and Canadian Nationalism
1. 'A Born Canadian': The Bonds of Communal Identity in Anne of Green Gables and A Tangled Web by Laura M. Robinson
2. The End of Canadian Innocence: L.M. Montgomery and the First World War by Owen Dudley Edwards and Jennifer H. Litster

Romance and the Shaping of Canadian Culture
3. 'Dragged at Anne's Chariot Wheels': The Triangle of Author, Publisher, and Fictional Character by Carole Gerson
4. (Re)Producing Canadian Literature: L.M. Montgomery's Emily Novels by E. Holly Pike
5. Reflection Piece—The Poetry of L.M. Montgomery by Elizabeth Waterston

Part 2. Montgomery and Canadian Society: Negotiating Cultural Change

Religion, Education, and Technology
6. L.M. Montgomery: Scottish-Presbyterian Agency in Canadian Culture by Mary Henley Rubio
7. Disciplining Development: L.M. Montgomery and Early Schooling by Irene Gammel and Ann Dutton
8. 'Daisy,' 'Dodgie,' and 'Lady Jane Grey Dort': L.M. Montgomery and the Automobile by Sasha Mullally

Motherhood, Family, and Feminism
9. Knitting Up the World: L.M. Montgomery and Maternal Feminism in Canada by Erika Rothwell
10. The Canadian Family and Female Adolescent Development during the 1930s: Jane of Lantern Hill by Diana Arlene Chlebek
11. Reflection Piece—'I Wrote Two Hours This Morning and Put Up Grape Juice in the Afternoon': The Conflict between Woman and Writer in L.M. Montgomery's Journals by Roberta Buchanan

Part 3. Montgomery and Canadian Iconography: Consuming the Popular

Anne as Cultural Icon
12. The Hard-Won Power of Canadian Womanhood: Reading Anne of Green Gables Today by Frank Davey
13. Anne in Hollywood: The Americanization of a Canadian Icon by Theodore F. Sheckels
14. Reflection Piece—Anne Shirley and the Power of Literacy: Sharon J. Hamilton interviewed by Dianne Hicks Morrow

Montgomery, Canada, and Cultural Tourism
15. Japanese Readings of Anne of Green Gables by Yoshiko Akamatsu
16. Anne of Red Hair: What Do the Japanese See in Anne of Green Gables? by Calvin Trillin
17. Reflection Piece—Revisiting Anne by Margaret Atwood

Epilogue
L.M. Montgomery and the Creation of Prince Edward Island by Deirdre Kessler


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Created October 1, 1999. Last updated August 16, 2024.
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The Selected Journals of L.M. Montgomery, Volume IV: 1929-1935

The Selected Journals of L.M. Montgomery, Volume IV: 1929–1935 edited by Mary Rubio and Elizabeth Waterston was published by the Oxford University Press in 1998. L.M. Montgomery wrote extensive journals throughout her life, which provide personal insight to the talented author. Volume IV begins when Montgomery is 54 years old. These years of her life are full of personal and professional challenges, including financial and health concerns, as well as moments of happiness.


Here is the description of the volume from the Oxford University Press:

The fourth volume of the immensely successful The Selected Journals of L.M. Montgomery covers the years from 1929 to 1935, a tumultuous period in the writer's life. By 1929, Montgomery was 54 years old and known world-wide as the author of Anne of Green Gables and many other books, yet this was also a time of numerous setbacks. The stock market crash, a drop in royalties from her many books, the need to provide her two sons with a university education, her husband's modest church salary in arrears, and the fact that many loans she made to friends and family were not repaid, placed Montgomery in the position where she had to type her own manuscripts for the first time since 1910. She also had to face personal crises as her sons' university results were extremely disappointing, her husband suffered a total nervous breakdown, she had concerns over her own mental state, there was further controversy in her husband's parish -- Norval Presbyterian Church -- and Montgomery became the unwilling object of a young woman's declaration of passionate love. Yet this was not a period of joy as well--the volume opens with joyful travels to Prince Edward Island and western Canada and ends with her looking forward with great excitement to a new life in Toronto.

Reviews (see additional reviews)

"The journals, with their vivid account of both daily routines and more significant life events, are written with all the passion, wit and insight into human nature that have made Montgomery's 'books for young people' immortal to her readers."
-Toronto Sun

"Montgomery's interweaving of joy and grief makes her a felt presence on the page....Very few books in recent years have given me the depth of pleasure I've found in these first four volumes of Lucy Maud Montgomery's journals."
-Carol Shields, The Globe and Mail

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The Selected Journals of L.M. Montgomery, Volume III: 1921-1929

The Selected Journals of L.M. Montgomery, Volume III: 1921–1929 edited by Mary Rubio and Elizabeth Waterston was published by Oxford University Press in 1992. L.M. Montgomery wrote extensive journals throughout her life, which provide personal insight to the talented author. Volume III covers her years as a successful author, balancing her professional obligations and aspirations with family and personal concerns.


Here is the description of the volume from the Oxford University Press:

In the 1920s, L.M. Montgomery is in mature mid-life, and her personal and professional lives are becoming even more complex. Montgomery juggles the demands of motherhood, parish obligations, indifferent household help, grief at the loss of older friends and family, and appeals by her P.E.I. clan for advice and assistance. There are also triumphs and trials more closely related to her position as a best-selling author: growing fame, the successful launch of her new heroines 'Emily' and 'Marigold', the struggle to allocate time for correspondence with publishers and fans -- and actually to write.

We trace the happy conclusion of her lawsuits against an unscrupulous publisher, and the disappointing outcome of the tempest-in-a-teapot suit arising from a minor automobile accident. There are more personal worries: the Rev. Ewan Macdonald's envy of his wife's publishing and social success; the dark shadow cast by his recurrent attacks of religious melancholia; her concern lest their sons show similar tendencies. This volume of her journals shows Montgomery to be a complex, sensitive, successful and surprisingly contemporary writer.

Reviews (see additional reviews)

"These are journals so enlightening, so full of wisdom, humor, philosophy and tragedy that they are worth a winter's reading and reflection."
-Ottawa Citizen

"Like the first two, it makes for compulsive reading as a document at once personal and brilliantly illuminative of a decade of our social history."
-Literary Review of Canada

"The book, however, is irresistible to anyone who has read Montgomery's fiction....In it, Montgomery comes to life in a way that is only possible in the pages of a journal."
-Toronto Star

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The Selected Journals of L.M. Montgomery, Volume II: 1910-1921

The Selected Journals of L.M. Montgomery, Volume II: 1910-1921 edited by Mary Rubio and Elizabeth Waterston was published by the Oxford University Press in 1987. L.M. Montgomery wrote extensive journals throughout her life, which provide personal insight to the talented author. Volume II covers the years after Anne of Green Gables was published to wide acclaim. L.M. Montgomery gets married, and she and her husband travel to Scotland and England on their honeymoon. She leaves Prince Edward Island, and she and her husband settle in Ontario.


Here is the description of the volume from the Oxford University Press:

This volume of Lucy Maud Montgomery's journals records a time of great change and upheaval both in Montgomery's life and in society. When she wrote the first entry in this volume she had recently become a world-famous author, having published Anne of Green Gables in 1908. Here we become privy to her response to the death of her grandmother, her marriage and honeymoon trip to Scotland and England, and her departure from Prince Edward Island to the new restrictions of her life as the wife of a Presbyterian minister in an Ontario village.

Montgomery reveals the intensities of friendships, the minutiae of homemaking, and the joys of motherhood along with the traumas of a disturbed marriage. By turns tart and sentimental, sharp-sighted and anxiety-ridden, L.M. Montgomery provides a compelling record of her remarkable life against a background -- both social and literary -- of a tumultuous period in Canadian history.

Reviews (see additional reviews)

"The journals, with their vivid account of both daily routines and more significant life events, are written with all the passion, wit and insight into human nature that have made Montgomery's 'books for young people' immortal to readers of all ages."
-Toronto Sun

"These journals are an important contribution, not just to literary and social history, but to the body of Canadian literature."
-Books in Canada

"...one can but commend the editors and their publisher for making such a splendid volume available to us..."
-Atlantic Provinces Book Review

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The Selected Journals of L.M. Montgomery, Volume I: 1889-1910

The Selected Journals of L.M. Montgomery, Volume I: 1889–1910 edited by Mary Rubio and Elizabeth Waterston was published by the Oxford University Press in 1985. L.M. Montgomery wrote extensive journals throughout her life, which provide personal insight to the talented author. Volume I covers her adolescence and school years through the writing and publication of Anne of Green Gables.


Here is the description of the volume from the Oxford University Press:

Beginning when Lucy Maud Montgomery is fourteen, this first volume takes her to 1910, the year before her marriage, when she left Prince Edward Island. It recounts her schooldays in Cavendish, redolent with incidents, impressions, and romantic "crushes" that found their way into her fiction; a year spent in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan with her father and stepmother; a year of study at Prince of Wales College in Charlottetown, where she trained to be a teacher, and another at Dalhousie University; her teaching years; a powerful infatuation with the son of a family she lived with; a long and mostly unhappy period of keeping house for her grandmother; and the publication of Anne of Green Gables. The autobiographical content will fascinate every devoted reader of the Anne books. But the Montgomery journals are especially interesting because they provide a unique social history and the privilege of viewing closely the life of a remarkable woman. Comprising perhaps the most vivid and detailed memoir in Canadian letters, the journals will join Anne of Green Gables in ensuring Montgomery's lasting place in Canadian literature. This volume is a rich and engrossing prelude to the whole.

Reviews (see additional reviews)

"Montgomery comes to life in a way that is only possible in the pages of a journal."
-Toronto Star

"These are journals so enlightening, so full of wisdom, humor, philosophy and tragedy that they are worth a winter's reading and reflection."
- Ottawa Citizen

"We owe Professors Rubio and Waterston a very large debt of gratitude for their patient work on these volumes; they are a record of life-writing unique in our literature and outstanding in any company."
- Clara Thomas, Literary Review of Canada

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Anne of Green Gables eTexts and Electronic Books

Where can I read Anne of Green Gables online?

Below are external links to read L.M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables books online. You can also download the ebooks as epub files, plain text files, or books for your Kindle.

The Anne of Green Gables Series

Anne of Green Gables
Text | HTML | EPUB | Kindle

Anne of Avonlea
Text | HTML | EPUB | Kindle

Anne of the Island
Text | HTML | EPUB | Kindle

Anne of Windy Poplars
Text | HTML | EPUB | Kindle

Anne's House of Dreams
Text | HTML | EPUB | Kindle

Anne of Ingleside
Text | HTML | EPUB | Kindle

Rainbow Valley
Text | HTML | EPUB | Kindle

Rilla of Ingleside
Text | HTML | EPUB | Kindle


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Anne of Avonlea artwork by Elly MacKay from the 2014 Tundra Books edition of the novel.

Created September 1, 1999. Last updated September 7, 2022.
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Anne of Green Gables Series Chronology

What is the order of the Anne of Green Gables series?

L.M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables series includes eight novels. These books follow Anne Shirley's life in the following chronological sequence:

1) Anne of Green Gables
2) Anne of Avonlea
3) Anne of the Island
4) Anne of Windy Poplars (Anne of Windy Willows)
5) Anne’s House of Dreams
6) Anne of Ingleside
7) Rainbow Valley
8) Rilla of Ingleside

You might be surprised to learn that L.M. Montgomery wrote and published the Anne of Green Gables series in a different order. Learn more about the publication sequence of the Anne novels here.

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Created September 1, 1999. Last updated April 28, 2022.
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Rilla of Ingleside

Rilla of Ingleside (1921) is the eighth and final novel in the Anne of Green Gables series. The novel is rare in that it is the only book about the Canadian World War I home front written contemporaneously from a female perspective.

The novel's protagonist is Anne and Gilbert's youngest daughter Bertha Marilla Blythe, who is known by her nickname "Rilla." Rilla is a fun-loving, fifteen-year-old girl. Like most her age, Rilla has not yet gained an awareness of the wider world around her. As the story opens, World War I begins, and Rilla's eldest brother Jem and childhood friend Jerry enlist. Rilla must adapt and mature to her changing world. She organizes a Junior Red Cross for young girls at her mother's suggestion when Anne tells her, "We will all have to do a great many things in the months ahead of us that we have never done before, Rilla."

Eventually Rilla's brother Walter enlists, although he is afraid of war and death, and her youngest brother Shirley heads to the front when he comes of age. Along with worrying about her brothers, Rilla fears for Kenneth Ford. Before leaving for the war, Kenneth kisses Rilla for the first time and asks Rilla to promise not to kiss anyone else until he returns. With her brothers, childhood friends, and sweetheart all at war, Rilla does her part for the war effort. She keeps track of war news and eagerly awaits letters from those she loves until the war comes to an end.

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Rainbow Valley

Rainbow Valley by L.M. Montgomery is the seventh novel in the Anne of Green Gables series. Published in 1919, the focus of this book shifts away from Anne Shirley Blythe to her six children: Jem, Walter, Nan, Di, Shirley, and Rilla. As the story begins, Anne and Gilbert have just returned home from a three-month trip to Europe.

Upon her arrival home, Miss Cornelia gives Anne the gossip that the church has settled on a new minister. His name is John Meredith, and he's a widower with four children: Gerald ("Jerry"), Faith, Una, and Thomas Carlyle ("Carl"). The Blythe and Meredith children grow close, playing together in little valley behind a maple grove that they call "Rainbow Valley."

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Anne of Ingleside

Anne of Ingleside (1939) is book 6 in the Anne of Green Gables series by L.M. Montgomery. The plot of this novel falls between Anne’s House of Dreams (1917) and Rainbow Valley (1919), both of which were published 20 years earlier. This novel was the last that L.M. Montgomery published during her lifetime.

After leaving their "House of Dreams," Anne and Gilbert moved to a home they call "Ingleside." As the story begins, Anne Shirley Blythe is the mother of five children: James Matthew ("Jem"), Walter, twins Anne ("Nan") and Diana ("Di"), and Shirley Blythe. During this story, Anne gives birth to her youngest daughter Bertha Marilla, known as "Rilla." The focus of the novel shifts in part to Anne's children's adventures, but Anne still plays a role. The family must cope with a visit from Gilbert's unpleasant aunt. Later in the novel, Anne begins to worry that Gilbert has become distant and no longer loves her.

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Anne's House of Dreams

L.M. Montgomery's Anne's House of Dreams was first published in 1917. This novel is the fifth book in the Anne of Green Gables series. The story begins as Anne Shirley marries Gilbert Blythe at Green Gables. The newlyweds then move to a home on the shore at Four Winds Point, and Gilbert begins his work as a doctor in the nearby village of Glen St. Mary. Anne calls their new home her "House of Dreams."

Anne and Gilbert's new neighbors include Captain Jim, a storytelling lighthouse keeper, who was formerly a sailor, and Miss Cornelia, a woman with strong opinions. Anne also tries to befriend the embittered Leslie Moore. During their time living in their House of Dreams, Anne and Gilbert experience both joy and sorrow as they begin their married life together.

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Anne of Windy Poplars

Anne of Windy Poplars (1936) is the fourth novel in the Anne of Green Gables series by L.M. Montgomery. After Anne graduates from Redmond, she returns to Prince Edward Island and takes a job as the principal of Summerside High School. She lives in a home called Windy Poplars with two elderly women, Aunt Kate and Aunt Chatty, and their housekeeper, Rebecca Dew. Anne faces several challenges in Summerside, including having to deal with the bitter vice principal Katherine Brooke and the clannish and unwelcoming Pringle family who run the town.

The plot of Anne of Windy Poplars falls between Anne of the Island (1915) and Anne’s House of Dreams (1917), but the novel was written roughly two decades later in 1936. L.M. Montgomery returned to Anne Shirley in the 1930s to tell the story of Anne's years in Summerside before her marriage to Gilbert. Compared to the other Anne novels, Anne of Windy Poplars is unusual in that much of the story is told through extracts of letters written by Anne Shirley to her fiancé Gilbert Blythe.

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Created September 1, 1999. Last updated March 4, 2021.
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Anne of the Island

Anne of the Island, published in 1915, is the third novel in the Anne of Green Gables series by L.M. Montgomery. In this book, Anne leaves her home in Avonlea, Prince Edward Island for Redmond College in Nova Scotia to study for her B.A. Anne's childhood classmates Gilbert Blythe and Charlie Sloane head off to attend Redmond as well. While at college, Anne interacts with these familiar faces, and she also makes new friends like the beautiful Philippa Gordon. During her time at college, Gilbert proposes marriage, but Anne turns him down. Anne is then courted by the dark and handsome Roy Gardner, and she must eventually decide if they truly belong together.

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Created September 1, 1999. Last updated March 3, 2021.
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Anne of Avonlea

Anne of Avonlea, the sequel to Anne of Green Gables, was published in 1909 as the second novel in the Anne of Green Gables series. Anne Shirley is now 16 years old and teaching at the Avonlea school. As reflected in the title of the book, Anne's circle of influence has widened from affecting her home in Anne of Green Gables to influencing her town in Anne of Avonlea.

We follow Anne as she experiences both the rewards and challenges of being a new teacher. Outside of the classroom, Anne and her friends endeavor to improve Avonlea by forming an Avonlea Village Improvement Society (AVIS). Their efforts have varied results. Meanwhile, Marilla takes in twins named Davy and Dora, who are her distant relations, after their mother dies. The twins add a new energy to Green Gables.

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Created September 1, 1999. Last updated March 2, 2021.
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Anne of Green Gables

Anne of Green Gables is a novel published by L.M. Montgomery in 1908. The story begins when Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert decide to adopt a young boy to help them on their farm. The two elderly siblings send word of their request through a neighbor instead of visiting the orphanage themselves. The Cuthberts are surprised when their neighbor makes an error and returns with a young girl named Anne Shirley instead of the boy they expect.

The Cuthberts at first seem ill-equipped and unlikely to raise Anne. Matthew is extremely shy and afraid of women and girls. Marilla is orderly, sarcastic, and has difficultly expressing affection. In contrast, Anne is wildly imaginative, talkative, and prone to making mishaps. But the unexpected happens, and instead of sending Anne back to the orphanage, the Cuthberts decide to keep her and raise her. In forming this unusual family, Anne finds her first home, and Marilla and Matthew grow and develop in their own ways.

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Created September 1, 1999. Last updated April 26, 2024.
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Bibliography of L.M. Montgomery

L.M. Montgomery was a Canadian author who wrote works that have been read by millions the world over. She was a prolific writer throughout her lifetime, penning over 20 books, including fictional novels, a volume of poetry, and short story collections. She also wrote a book of essays with collaborating authors. L.M. Montgomery achieved her greatest popular success in creating the character Anne Shirley of the Anne of Green Gables series.

L.M. Montgomery's bibliography of works published during her lifetime is listed below:

L.M. Montgomery's Publications	Date
Anne of Green Gables	1908
Anne of Avonlea	1909
Kilmeny of the Orchard	1910
The Story Girl	1911
Chronicles of Avonlea	1912
The Golden Road	1913
Anne of the Island	1915
The Watchman and Other Poems	1916
Anne's House of Dreams	1917
Rainbow Valley	1919
Further Chronicles of Avonlea	1920
Rilla of Ingleside	1921
Emily of New Moon	1923
Emily Climbs	1925
The Blue Castle	1926
Emily's Quest	1927
Magic for Marigold	1929
A Tangled Web	1931
Pat of Silver Bush	1933
Courageous Women    (Essays written with Marian Keith and Mabel Burns McKinley)	1934
Mistress Pat	1935
Anne of Windy Poplars	1936
Jane of Lantern Hill	1937
Anne of Ingleside	1939

Created September 1, 1999. Last updated April 25, 2024.
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Biography of L.M. Montgomery

Lucy Maud (L.M.) Montgomery was born in Clifton, Prince Edward Island, Canada on November 30, 1874. During her lifetime, she wrote 22 novels and short story collections, a volume of poetry, a book on courageous women (with Marian Keith and M.B. McKinley), an autobiography, a life's worth of journals (of 5,000 pages), 450 poems, and over 500 short stories. Of these literary contributions, she is best known for giving Canadians (and the world) a beloved literary heroine named Anne of Green Gables, an imaginative, short-tempered, loving, red-headed orphan in search of a home.

L.M. Montgomery's mother died in her early youth when she was just 21 months old, and her father left her in the care of her stern maternal grandparents. Montgomery's refuge from loneliness was in her imagination, much like many of the heroines she would later create. She was a storyteller from her early youth. In her autobiography, The Alpine Path, Montgomery writes:

"I cannot remember the time when I was not writing, or when I did not mean to be an author. To write has always been my central purpose around which every effort and hope and ambition of my life has grouped itself."

In 1889, L.M. Montgomery lived for a short time with her father in Alberta, Canada. During her stay there, Montgomery published her first poem in a local newspaper at the age of 15. Montgomery soon returned to Prince Edward Island to finish her schooling. After completing college, she worked briefly as a journalist, and then she began to teach. In spite of having a tumultuous love life during this period, Montgomery's writing never quelled. She published many short stories and poems during this time.

After her grandfather's death in 1898, L.M. Montgomery returned home to live with her grandmother. In 1902, she began a lifelong correspondence with Ephraim Weber, a man with literary ambitions. In 1903, she began writing to a second pen-pal, George Boyd Macmillan of Scotland.

In 1906, L.M. Montgomery became engaged to Ewen MacDonald, who was studying to be a minister. Montgomery was unable to leave her grandmother, so their engagement was extended until her grandmother's death in 1911. During this period, Montgomery began work on Anne of Green Gables, which was published in 1908 to popular acclaim. A sequel was demanded immediately, and Montgomery wrote Anne of Avonlea.

In 1909, L.M. Montgomery began work on what she considered her favorite book, The Story Girl. It was published in 1911. That same year, Montgomery and MacDonald finally married. The couple honeymooned in England and Scotland, and when they returned to Canada, it was not to P.E.I., but to Leaskdale, Ontario. Ewen had accepted a position there as a minister. Although Montgomery now had new responsibilities as a minister's wife, she was determined to continue her writing.

L.M. Montgomery was strained by World War I and an increasingly bad relationship with her first publisher, which resulted in a lengthy legal battle. Both she and her husband faced depression. In spite of all this, Montgomery continued her daily writing, producing further stories on Anne as well as many others, including the Emily and Pat series and The Blue Castle. By the late 1930s, Montgomery's personal troubles, illness, and depression overwhelmed her. Even her journal writing failed to console her, and the advent of World War II was a further blow to her depressed spirits. She died on April 24, 1942, after months of not writing to her pen-friends or in her journals. L.M. Montgomery was buried in Cavendish, P.E.I.

During her lifetime, L.M. Montgomery received a number of international awards for her writing. She was honored as a Fellow of the British Royal Society of Arts (1923), a Companion of the Order of the British Empire, and a member of the Literary and Artistic Institute of France (1935). Today, Montgomery's legacy lives on in the expanding critical re-evaluations of her works, in the translations of her books to scores of languages, in the adaptations of her stories for film, television, and stage, and in the sustained appeal of her stories worldwide.


References for Biography:
Montgomery, L.M. The Alpine Path: The Story of My Career. Markham: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1997.

Parry, Caroline. "L. M. Montgomery: A Biography." in Anne of the Island. Montgomery, L. M. New York: Bantam Books, 1998.

Waterston, Elizabeth. "Lucy Maud Montgomery: 1874–1942." L. M. Montgomery: An Assessment. Ed. John Robert Sorfleet. Guelph: Canadian Children's Press, 1976. 9–28.

Image Credit:
Photograph of L.M. Montgomery from the cover of her autobiography The Alpine Path republished by Fitzhenry & Whiteside in 1997.

Created July 16, 1999. Last updated April 18, 2024.
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